Sociology Nios plus two PQ VI Welcome to your Sociology Nios plus two PQ VI 1. Distinguish between 'natural inequalities between people' and 'inequalities in their conditions of existence Natural inequalities are the result of differences in lifestyle and environment, whereas inequalities in conditions of existence are inherited traits that are passed on genetically. For example, someone may be poor because their parents were poor (a natural inequality), while someone may have better physical features due to family heritage (inequality in condition). Natural inequalities refer to the differences that arise due to biological or physical factors such as height, gender, age, or genetic traits. These are inborn and unchangeable. For example, someone may be naturally tall while another may be short, or one person may have stronger eyesight than another. In contrast, inequalities in conditions of existence are socially constructed differences in access to resources, opportunities, and rights. These arise from economic, cultural, or political systems. For instance, one child may have access to quality education and healthcare due to being born into a wealthy family, while another may struggle with basic necessities due to poverty. These inequalities can be addressed through policy, social action, or reforms. None Hint 2. State True/False. Functionalist theory states that every pattern of action, belief and interaction tends to generate an opposing reaction. Cannot say True Partially true False None Hint 3. In the beginning of the 20th century during the British rule, distinct architectural school emerged. Identify from the following. Progressive and Modern school Sarnath school Both (A) and (C Revivalist school None Hint 4. Feminists believe in the idea that women's biological make up determines their abilities. (True/False) Partially True False True Cannot Say None Hint 5. Which Article of the Indian Constitution dedares 'the State shall not discriminate against any citiaen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them? Article-15(1) None of the above Article-14(1) Article-14 None Hint 6. How is Hypergamy different from Hypogamy ? Hypergamy means marriage between two individuals of the same social status, while hypogamy refers to marriage that occurs outside of the same religion or race. Hypergamy refers to the social practice of a person (usually a woman) marrying into a higher social, economic, or caste group than her own. It reflects the idea of "marrying up." For example, a woman from a lower caste or economic background marrying a man from a higher status group. Hypogamy, on the other hand, refers to marrying into a lower social, economic, or caste group than one’s own — often seen as "marrying down." This is less socially encouraged and sometimes even stigmatized in traditional societies. None Hint 7. The Industrial Revolution that started in Europe in the late 17th century gradually impacted the entire globe. Identify the factor that cannot be associated with this phenomenon? The role of capital in the production process increased. Production moved out of households to factories. People from all strata took to agricultural activities. Many women entered the work force None Hint 8. Which Article of the Indian Constitution declares 'the State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them? Article-14 Article-14(1) Article-15(1) None of the above None Hint 9. What is dowry? Why is it regarded as an evil practice? Dowry is a social custom in which the bride’s family gives money, gifts, property or valuables to the groom and his family at the time of marriage. Originally meant as voluntary gifts, dowry has now become a demanded and often forced practice. Dowry is a celebration where the groom’s family gives gold and gifts to the bride. It is a way of showing respect and increasing love between families. It is considered evil only if there is no party or if the bride's family is unhappy with the groom’s wealth. None Hint 10. Identify the factor that is not linked to membership of a caste. Hereditary Assigns a social status Transferable Ascribed None Hint 11. Identify the fact that is not correct of the status of women in India in the ancient period Manu Smriti and Yagnavalkya laid down codes of conduct Ramayana and Mahabharata have a strong influence on Indian society correct answer During early Vedic period, women enjoyed a relatively higher status During the period of Buddhism and Jainism women were treated with no respect None Hint 12. A neighbourhood or a village are good examples of which of the following? Community Urbanization Society Association None Hint 13. What is gender discrimination? Give one example from your day to day life to justify that we still experience it in our lives even today? Gender discrimination means judging people based on their gender rather than their abilities or choices. 🔹 Example: A girl scoring high marks may not be allowed to study further, while her brother with lower marks is sent to college. Gender discrimination is when individuals are treated unfairly just because they are male or female. 🔹 Example: In many homes, boys are encouraged to go out and play, while girls are told to stay indoors and help with household chores. None Hint 14. Mention the rights and privileges granted by the King of Cochin for the Jews.? Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions which follows. The followers of Judaism are known as Jews. The ancient Indian settlements of Jews are in Cochin and Maharashtra. Both the settlements are small in number having a combined population of not more than twenty thousand.The Jews of Cochin have maintained their religious identity for at least a millennium. It was in 1020 AD that the king of Cochin gave the Jews the right to live and enjoy privileges, such as the right to ride elephants and to go with a state umbrella etc. Later, the Jews came to be divided into two groups-the white Jews, who were lighter in their skin color and traced their kinship to the original migrants and the Black Jews who were dark skinned. Between these two groups of Jews there was no similarity in food habits and marriages.By contrast the Jews in Maharashtra are large in number. The Jews of Cochin were different from the Jews of Maharashtra. These Jews are known as Bene Israel Le. Sons of Israel. They live in several Konkani-speaking villages as oil pressers, since oil pressing is not a prestigious occupation, they do not rank high in their villages. As they do not work on Saturdays, they are also known as Saturday Oilmen. The right to live and enjoy privileges like riding elephants and using a state umbrella The right to own land The right to live and conduct business The right to vote in elections None Hint 15. Assertion (A): Human society has rarely experienced changes. Reason (R): Social institutions have undergone tremendous modifications from the times of our forefathers. (A) is false, but (R) is true Both (A) and (R) are false Both (A) and (R) are true is true, but (R) is false None Hint 16. There are many types of communities; some of them are easily identifiable. Pick out the odd one from the following: Nation World Village or rural Trade union None Hint 17. Assertion (A): Revolution is a sudden and abrupt overthrow of the existing social order. Reason (R): In French Revolution, the rule of the emperor came to an end suddenly. Both (A) and (R) are true (A) is true, but (R) is false Both (A) and (R) are false (A) is false, but (R) is true None Hint 18. Traditional occupation system known as the Jajmani system is gradually eroding. What has 1 been the main reason of this trend ? Nature of inter-caste relationship is changing Land reforms has altered traditional land ownership structure Market economy has spread All of the above None Hint 19. Which one of the following will not fall under consanguineal kinship? Relationship between father and mother Relationship between siblings with same set of parents Relationship between child and parents Relationship between uncles and niece/nephews None Hint 20. In Patriarchy, the arrangement of relationships upholds male superiority and women____________fill in the blank equality empowerment independence subordination None Hint 21. Which of the following qualify as a social group? Audience clapping after watching an interesting play Residents welfare association meeting every week in the colony common room Random people at a railway platform waiting to board A crowd witnessing a protest rally passing by None Hint 22. Which one of the following will not fall under consanguineal kinship? Relationship between child and parents Relationship between uncles and niece/nephews Relationship between siblings with same set of parents Relationship between father and mother None Hint 23. The difference between men and women as created by the society (Define in one word) Identity Sex Discrimination Gender None Hint 24. Identify the factor that cannot be associated with poverty faced by a number of families in our country. They get work all the year round They have to work at low wages They are landless and are dependent on others for work and wages They have to take loans at high rates of interest None Hint 25. Which religion is followed by the Jews? Where had they mainly settled down in India? Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions which follows. The followers of Judaism are known as Jews. The ancient Indian settlements of Jews are in Cochin and Maharashtra. Both the settlements are small in number having a combined population of not more than twenty thousand.The Jews of Cochin have maintained their religious identity for at least a millennium. It was in 1020 AD that the king of Cochin gave the Jews the right to live and enjoy privileges, such as the right to ride elephants and to go with a state umbrella etc. Later, the Jews came to be divided into two groups-the white Jews, who were lighter in their skin color and traced their kinship to the original migrants and the Black Jews who were dark skinned. Between these two groups of Jews there was no similarity in food habits and marriages.By contrast the Jews in Maharashtra are large in number. The Jews of Cochin were different from the Jews of Maharashtra. These Jews are known as Bene Israel Le. Sons of Israel. They live in several Konkani-speaking villages as oil pressers, since oil pressing is not a prestigious occupation, they do not rank high in their villages. As they do not work on Saturdays, they are also known as Saturday Oilmen. Islam; Lucknow and Kashmir Judaism; Cochin and Maharashtra Christianity; Kerala and Gujarat Zoroastrianism; Mumbai and Delhi None Hint 26. Fill in the blanks During the____ (Medieval/early Vedic/later Vedic) period, evil practices like sati, child marriage or ban on widow remarriage did not exist. Medieval Later Vedic Post-Mauryan Early Vedic None Hint 27. What perspective is adopted by the functionalists in their attempt to analyse society? Functionalists view society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Functionalists believe every part of society has a function and contributes to the overall functioning and equilibrium of society. None Hint 28. State True/False. Movements that aim at restoration or reinforcement of old, traditional systems can be termed as counter-revolution. True Partially true False Cannot say None Hint 29. After the middle of the 19th century, the industrial revolution took the form of a definite system. Identify the fact which is/are true: Economy started to be based on differentiation Large corporations and companies came into being Man tried to control the environment All the above facts are true None Hint 30. Which fact is not considered by sociologists in their understanding of Institutions? Is simply an organization like a school or a hospital Important for survival of society They are basic constituents of society Six primary institutions are found in almost every society None Hint 31. The medieval period saw the rise of Islam in India. False Partially True Cannot be Determined True None Hint 32. The Constitution of India laid the foundation for creating a social order where men and women are treated as equals. What does the Directive Principles of State Policy prescribe in this regard? Equal pay for equal work for both men and women. Women should be confined to traditional roles. None Hint 33. (Fill in the blankes) During the_________ (Medieval/early Vedic/later Vedic) period, evil practices like sati child marriage or ban on widow remarriage did not cont. Early Vedic Medieval Later Vedic Modern None Hint 34. The art and science of designing and erecting buildings is called (Define in one word) Architecture Engineering Painting Sculpture None Hint 35. Time and _________dimension of culture makes it dynamic. (Fill in the blank) Space Ritual Belief Custom None Hint 36. Fill in the blanks India's sex ratio, which stood at 972 women per 1000 men in 1901, had declined to____per 1000 by 1991. 927 918 945 934 None Hint 37. Fill in the blank : Restrictions or prohibitions that are not permitted by society is known as ________(law/ taboo/force) Taboo Tradition Force Law None Hint 38. What is gender discrimination? Give one example from your day to day life to justify that we still experience it in our lives even today ? Gender discrimination is the unequal treatment of individuals based on their gender, typically disadvantaging women and girls. It reflects deep-rooted societal beliefs that one gender is superior to the other. Example: In many households, boys are encouraged to pursue higher education and careers, while girls are expected to take care of household chores or marry early, regardless of their ambitions. For instance, in some families, sons are sent to coaching classes, while daughters are asked to stay at home to help with cooking and cleaning. Gender discrimination refers to the prejudicial treatment or bias against a person solely because of their gender. It denies equal rights and opportunities and often restricts women's freedom and potential. Example: In schools, boys are often chosen for leadership roles like class monitors or team captains, while girls are expected to take supporting roles, regardless of their capabilities. This kind of bias in opportunity allocation is a form of gender discrimination that continues in many institutions. None Hint 39. Discuss how does Karl Marx understand the ruling class and the service class? According to Karl Marx, the ruling class consists of government officials and teachers, who help make the laws. The service class is made up of police officers and soldiers, who protect society from outside threats. Marx argued that these groups live in harmony and support capitalism. Karl Marx believed that society is divided into two main classes based on their relationship to the means of production: Ruling Class (Bourgeoisie): This class owns the means of production — such as land, factories, and capital. They control the economy and hold political power. According to Marx, the ruling class uses this power to dominate the working class and maintain their own interests. Service Class / Working Class (Proletariat): This class does not own the means of production. Instead, they sell their labor to the bourgeoisie in exchange for wages. Marx argued that the proletariat is exploited by the ruling class, as the value of their labor is greater than what they are paid — a concept known as surplus value. Marx predicted that this exploitation would eventually lead to class conflict and revolution, resulting in a classless, communist society. None Hint 40. Identify the fact that does not justify the fact that culture is space bound:? None of the above Indians meet friends with folded hands while the people of Tikopia by raising fists While white dress is considered auspicious in Christian weddings, it is red for the Indians People wear warm clothes in winter and carry an umbrella in the rainy season None Hint 41. Illiteracy is a curse for modern society because it leads to Ignorance Deprivation Often wrong thoughts and actions All of the above is true None Hint 42. he Constitution of India laid the foundation for creating a social order where men and women are treated as equals. What does the Directive Principles of State Policy prescribe in this regard? To restrict women from working in hazardous jobs and focus only on traditional roles. To ensure equal pay for equal work for both men and women, provide maternity relief, and promote women’s participation in all areas of life. None Hint 43. What were the Jews of Maharashtra called? Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions which follows? The followers of Judaism are known as Jews. The ancient Indian settlements of Jews are in Cochin and Maharashtra. Both the settlements are small in number having a combined population of not more than twenty thousand.The Jews of Cochin have maintained their religious identity for at least a millennium. It was in 1020 AD that the king of Cochin gave the Jews the right to live and enjoy privileges, such as the right to ride elephants and to go with a state umbrella etc. Later, the Jews came to be divided into two groups-the white Jews, who were lighter in their skin color and traced their kinship to the original migrants and the Black Jews who were dark skinned. Between these two groups of Jews there was no similarity in food habits and marriages.By contrast the Jews in Maharashtra are large in number. The Jews of Cochin were different from the Jews of Maharashtra. These Jews are known as Bene Israel Le. Sons of Israel. They live in several Konkani-speaking villages as oil pressers, since oil pressing is not a prestigious occupation, they do not rank high in their villages. As they do not work on Saturdays, they are also known as Saturday Oilmen. White Jews Cochin Jews Bene Israel Black Jews None Hint 44. Based on the following, identify the correct option. Assertion (A): In the Indian society, the emphasis on ritual seems very high.Reason (R): The religious practices and values are constantly striving towards "Samanvaya" i.e., reconciliation and concord. (A) is true, but (R) is false Both (A) and (R) are false (A) is false, but (R) is true Both (A) and (R) are true None Hint 45. The difference between men and women as created by the society (Define in one word) Gender Race Sex Caste None Hint 46. Name the reformer whose name is associated with the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929? Raja Ram Mohan Roy Harbildas Sarda Dayanand Saraswati Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar None Hint 47. Assertion (A): The direction of evolution can easily be reversed from the complex stage to the simple stage. Reason (R): Evolution is an irreversible process. (A) is false, but (R) is true (A) is true, but (R) is false Both (A) and (R) are false Both (A) and (R) are true None Hint 48. Which of the following terms refer to the death of mothers in child birth? Maternal mortality Infanticide Focticide Death rate None Hint 49. Write a brief note on the "Bene Israel".? Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions which follows. The followers of Judaism are known as Jews. The ancient Indian settlements of Jews are in Cochin and Maharashtra. Both the settlements are small in number having a combined population of not more than twenty thousand.The Jews of Cochin have maintained their religious identity for at least a millennium. It was in 1020 AD that the king of Cochin gave the Jews the right to live and enjoy privileges, such as the right to ride elephants and to go with a state umbrella etc. Later, the Jews came to be divided into two groups-the white Jews, who were lighter in their skin color and traced their kinship to the original migrants and the Black Jews who were dark skinned. Between these two groups of Jews there was no similarity in food habits and marriages.By contrast the Jews in Maharashtra are large in number. The Jews of Cochin were different from the Jews of Maharashtra. These Jews are known as Bene Israel Le. Sons of Israel. They live in several Konkani-speaking villages as oil pressers, since oil pressing is not a prestigious occupation, they do not rank high in their villages. As they do not work on Saturdays, they are also known as Saturday Oilmen. Bene Israel were Rajputs who settled in Gujarat. Bene Israel were Buddhist traders from Ladakh. Bene Israel were oil pressers living in Konkani-speaking villages in Maharashtra, also known as Saturday Oilmen. Bene Israel were Christian missionaries from Goa. None Hint 50. Which of the following is not a feature of caste system? Non-hereditary Endogamy Segmental division of society Restrictions on occupation, food None Hint Time's up Share: admin Previous post Sociology Nios plus two PQ V August 16, 2025 Next post Sociology Nios plus two PQ VII August 20, 2025
